I just read through most of the puppy posts in your previous thread. I too have a golden retriver puppy and maybe I can help relate!
How old is your pup? Katie -- my bundle of joy -- was an absolute angel for the 1st 4-5 months. She is now hitting hormones (which means we have to reaquaint her to noises for the 3rd time and get her to stop humping people), she chews on people (she is just finishing teething and we have to keep trying No Bite), and was recently spayed (so had to rest for 2 weeks... try telling a golden she can't expend energy -- she was a mess of so much energy and hard to handle!).
She is jumping up on people to greet them.... We are going the have to re-do all of her training. And not so much re-do, but continue even with more gusto and believe in the fact that repetition and consistancy will pay off in the long run! She made it through doggy kindergarten and now we are ready to start obedience training.
Golden's have an amazing quality to really want to please! I mean really really!! The training is probably more for me... to learn how to channel her energy and learn how to ask her what to do. I can't wait to let you know how it goes!
In regards to the chewing... wet a rope (think big rope from Home Depot) or wash cloth and freeze it -- it's cheap entertainment. Plus, Katie thinks it's a special treat and will do so many tricks to get one! We call it the bait and switch. If she goes for my hand I quickly put an approved toy in her mouth instead. You still have to supervise her when chewing to make sure she doesn't eat it.. but it keeps Katie busy for at least 20 mins.
When Katie started eyeing cabinets and other items we didn't want her to chew we started a game called, "Take it, Leave it" our trainer recommended.... it's incredible the way she loves to learn the commands. PM me if you want more on how to do it!
When none of the above worked... (she started to nibble on our dressers) we resorted to putting a dab of hot sauce on a small part where she was chewing. Yes, she went over and licked it... but after 900 licks she finally realized it was yucky! Now, even a quick sniff has her convinced not chew on what ever we put it on. It's worth a try. And, we found Tabasco to work the best (and it blends into wood colored items).
I guess I can ramble about this forever! Please don't feel you have to give up. Puppies are ever so trying, but I am going through it now and I am happy to share all the things that worked or didn't! The first 3 weeks with our dog made us seriously want to jump off a bridge.. but once she rounded the corner and started following the first command it was all worth it!
They also say that dogs are soooo forgiving.... so if the previous owner really didn't train her, she will totally forgive you and let you start from scratch. You really can teach dogs anything at any age! Don't hestitate to PM me with questions or anything! Best of luck to you and your pup.